PSG has now secured the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the net in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired twice late to seize a surprise advantage. First, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the final moments to send the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to complete a convincing penalty victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.
